Okinawan martial arts refers to the martial arts, such as karate, tegumi and Okinawan kobud?, which originated among the indigenous people of Okinawa Island. Due to its central location, Okinawa was influenced by various cultures with a long history of trade and cultural exchange, including Japan, China and Southeast Asia, that greatly influenced the development of martial arts on Okinawa.
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History
In 1429, the three kingdoms on Okinawa unified to form the Kingdom of Ryukyu. When King Sh? Shin came into power in 1477, he banned the practice of martial arts. T?-te and Ryukyu kobud? (weaponry) continued to be taught in secret. The ban was continued in 1609 after Okinawa was invaded by the Satsuma Domain of Japan. The bans contributed to the development of kobud? which uses common household and farming implements as weaponry. The Okinawans combined Chinese martial arts with the existing local variants to form T?de (??, Tuudii, Tang hand, China hand), sometimes called Okinawa-te (???, Uchinaa-dii).
By the 18th century, different types of Te had developed in three different villages - Shuri, Naha and Tomari. The styles were named Shuri-te, Naha-te, and Tomari-te, respectively.
Well into the 20th century, the martial arts of Okinawa were generally referred to as te and tii ? in Japanese and Okinawan for "hand". Te often varied from one town to another, so to distinguish among the various types of te, the word was often prefaced with its area of origin; for example, Naha-te, Shuri-te, or Tomari-te.
Shuri-te, Naha-te and Tomari-te belong to a family of martial arts that were collectively defined as Tode-jutsu or To-de.
Karate (Okinawa-te or Karate-jutsu) was systematically taught in Japan after the Taisho era (after 1926).
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Shuri te
Shuri-te (???, Okinawan: Suidii) is a pre-World War II term for a type of indigenous martial art to the area around Shuri, the old capital city of the Ryukyu Kingdom.
Important Okinawan masters of Shuri-te:
- Yamaza Bin Yamazu
- Sakukawa Kanga
- Matsumura S?kon
- Itosu Ank?
- Asato Ank?
- Ch?y? Motobu
- Motobu Ch?ki
- Yabu Kents?
- Ch?mo Hanashiro
- Funakoshi Gichin
- Kyan Ch?toku
- Chibana Ch?shin
- Mabuni Kenwa
- T?yama Kanken
- Tatsuo Shimabuku
Important kata:
- Naihanchi
- Pinan
- K?sank?
- Passai
- Jion
- Jitte
- Rohai
- Chinto
- Gojushiho
The successor styles to Shuri-te include Shotokan, Shit?-ry?, Sh?rin-ry?, Shudokan, Sh?rinji-ry?, Gensei-ryu and Motobu-ry?.
Tomari-te
Tomari-te (??, Okinawan: Tumai-dii) refers to a tradition of martial arts originating from the village of Tomari, Okinawa.
Important Okinawan masters of Tomari-te:
- Yamaza Bin Yamazu
- Matsumora K?saku
- Oyadomari Kokan
- Motobu Ch?ki
- Kyan Ch?toku
Important kata:
- Naihanchi (Koshiki)
- Eunibu
- R?hai
- Wanduan
- Passai (Tomari)
- Chinsu
- Chinpu
- Wankan
- Wansh?
- Seisan
- Jumu
- Nichin
- Juma
The successor styles to Tomari-te include Wado-ryu, Motobu-ry?, Matsubayashi-ryu and Sh?rinji-ry?
Naha-te
Naha-te (???, Okinawan: Naafa-dii) is a pre-World War II term for a type of martial art indigenous to the area around Naha, the old commercial city of the Ryukyu Kingdom and now the capital city of Okinawa Prefecture.
Important Okinawan masters of Naha-te:
- Yamaza Bin Yamazu
- Arakaki Seish?
- Higaonna Kanry?
- Miyagi Ch?jun
- Kyoda J?hatsu
- Mabuni Kenwa
- Uechi Kanbun
Important kata:
- Sanchin
- Saif?
- Seiunchin
- Shisochin
- Seipai
- Seisan
- Sanseirui
- Tensho
- Kururunfa
- Suparinpei
The successor styles to Naha-te include G?j?-ry?, Uechi-ry?, Ry?ei-ry?, Shito-ryu and T?on-ry?.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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